Printed batteries exhibit several notable differences from conventional batteries. Firstly, the manufacturing process for printed batteries involves the deposition of materials onto a substrate using printing techniques, in contrast to the complex assembly processes of conventional batteries. This offers increased efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and customization of the battery's shape. 

Printed batteries are typically thin, flexible, and lightweight, while conventional batteries often take on a standard cylindrical or rectangular shape with limited flexibility. Although printed batteries may have lower energy density than conventional batteries, they can still provide ample power for low-power applications, such as wearable technology and smart packaging. 

Additionally, printed batteries tend to be more environmentally friendly and cost-effective due to their less hazardous materials and simpler manufacturing processes. Printed batteries are manufactured using materials such as conductive polymers, carbon nanotubes, and other organic materials that are often more environmentally friendly than the materials used in conventional batteries. Conventional batteries typically use heavy metals, such as lead and cadmium, which can be harmful to the environment if not disposed of properly.

The above differences between printed and conventional batteries have been summarized in the table below:

Printed batteries offer several advantages over conventional batteries but there are several areas where printed batteries could be improved further in the future. One area of focus is improving the energy density of printed batteries, which would make them more suitable for high-power applications. Researchers are working on developing new materials and manufacturing techniques that could increase the energy density of printed batteries.

Another area for improvement is the reliability and lifespan of printed batteries. While they have shown promise in a variety of applications, more research is needed to ensure that they can perform reliably over a long period. This could involve developing new materials or refining the manufacturing process to reduce the risk of failure or degradation.

Finally, there is also the potential for printed batteries to be integrated with other technologies, such as sensors or wireless communication devices, to create new types of smart devices. This could involve designing new printing techniques or materials that allow for the integration of multiple functions within a single device.

Overall, there is still much room for improvement in the field of printed batteries, and ongoing research is likely to lead to new advances and wider applications in the coming years.

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